chapter 8 How do search engines work

The term "search engine" is often used generically to describe both crawler-based search engines and human-powered directories. These two types of search engines gather their listings in radically different ways.


      

Web search

                      

      

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine

A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of results often referred to as SERPS, or "search engine results pages". The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input.

                                                  

                                 http://www.seobook.com/relevancy/
How Search Engines Work: Search Engine Relevancy Reviewed
This article is a fairly comprehensive review of search engine relevancy algorithms, published by Aaron Wall on June 13, 2006. While some of the general details have changed, the major themes referenced in this article were still relevant when I reviewed it a year after publishing it.
However, when I reviewed it on January 12, 2011, there have been significant changes:

• Yahoo! Search is now powered by Bing in the United States and Google in Japan.
• Ask announced they were leaving the search space to focus on QnA, and their core search will be powered by another search engine.
• A couple newer smaller search engines (like Blekko and DuckDuckGo) have launched.
• Some foreign search engines that dominate their home markets (like Yandex and Baidu) are looking to become global players.

                                                                   
                   http://money.howstuffworks.com/youtube.htm
                    
                      YouTube. They designed the site to let people share videos with the rest of the world. In November 2005, Sequoia Capital invested more than $3 million in the site, and a month later YouTube emerged as a full-fledged Web destination. It didn't take long for the site to become popular, and in November 2006, Internet search engine goliath Google purchased YouTube for $1.65 billion.
As the company has grown, so has the scope of the videos on the site. In the early of YouTube, you could find videos showing interesting locations, crazy stunts and hilarious pranks. You can still find that sort of content today, but you'll also see political debates, musical performances, instructional videos and unfiltered war footage. In 2007, YouTube even provided members with a way to interact with potential United States presidential candidates. YouTube members submitted video questions, and CNN featured some of them in Democratic and Republican candidate debates.

                                           
                               
     http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/search-engine1.htm
                                  
               When most people talk about Internet search engines, they really mean World Wide Web search engines. Before the Web became the most visible part of the Internet, there were already search engines in place to help people find information on the Net. Programs with names like "gopher" and "Archie" kept indexes of files stored on servers connected to the Internet, and dramatically reduced the amount of time required to find programs and documents. In the late 1980s, getting serious value from the Internet meant knowing how to use gopher, Archie, Veronica and the rest.
Today, most Internet users limit their searches to the Web, so we'll limit this article to search engines that focus on the contents of Web pages


                                      


                  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_search_engine          
                                      
                            The popularity of the personal computer as a business tool has a lot to do with a company founded by two men, Paul Allen and Bill Gates. In 1975 the duo wrote a version of BASIC for one of the very first personal computers, the Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) Altair [source: Microsoft]. It wouldn't be long before their success would lead them to found their own software company called Micro-Soft.
Now, after more than 30 years, one corporate name change and several operating systems later, Microsoft is on top of the computer world. In the meantime, Gates and Allen have become billionaires, with Gates reigning as the richest man in the world. Even an $18 billion loss in 2008 didn't knock him off the top


                                                                                               

Shapter 8 how do search engines work

              The term "search engine" is often used generically to describe both crawler-based search engines and human-powered directories. These two types of search engines gather their listings in radically different ways.


                                      

Web search

         From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    

         A web search engine is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web and FTP servers. The search results are generally presented in a list of results often referred to as SERPS, or "search engine results pages". The information may consist of web pages, images, information and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmic and human input. 

                                         

 
    How Search Engines Work: Search Engine Relevancy Reviewed
This article is a fairly comprehensive review of search engine relevancy algorithms, published by Aaron Wall on June 13, 2006. While some of the general details have changed, the major themes referenced in this article were still relevant when I reviewed it a year after publishing it.
However, when I reviewed it on January 12, 2011, there have been significant changes:

• Yahoo! Search is now powered by Bing in the United States and Google in Japan.
• Ask announced they were leaving the search space to focus on QnA, and their core search will be powered by another search engine.
• A couple newer smaller search engines (like Blekko and DuckDuckGo) have launched.
• Some foreign search engines that dominate their home markets (like Yandex and Baidu) are looking to become global players.

                                      

YouTube. They designed the site to let people share videos with the rest of the world. In November 2005, Sequoia Capital invested more than $3 million in the site, and a month later YouTube emerged as a full-fledged Web destination. It didn't take long for the site to become popular, and in November 2006, Internet search engine goliath Google purchased YouTube for $1.65 billion.
As the company has grown, so has the scope of the videos on the site. In the early of YouTube, you could find videos showing interesting locations, crazy stunts and hilarious pranks. You can still find that sort of content today, but you'll also see political debates, musical performances, instructional videos and unfiltered war footage. In 2007, YouTube even provided members with a way to interact with potential United States presidential candidates. YouTube members submitted video questions, and CNN featured some of them in Democratic and Republican candidate debates.


                                              

                  When most people talk about Internet search engines, they really mean World Wide Web search engines. Before the Web became the most visible part of the Internet, there were already search engines in place to help people find information on the Net. Programs with names like "gopher" and "Archie" kept indexes of files stored on servers connected to the Internet, and dramatically reduced the amount of time required to find programs and documents. In the late 1980s, getting serious value from the Internet meant knowing how to use gopher, Archie, Veronica and the rest.
Today, most Internet users limit their searches to the Web, so we'll limit this article to search engines that focus on the contents of Web pages


                                                     



                                      
The popularity of the personal computer as a business tool has a lot to do with a company founded by two men, Paul Allen and Bill Gates. In 1975 the duo wrote a version of BASIC for one of the very first personal computers, the Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) Altair [source: Microsoft]. It wouldn't be long before their success would lead them to found their own software company called Micro-Soft.
Now, after more than 30 years, one corporate name change and several operating systems later, Microsoft is on top of the computer world. In the meantime, Gates and Allen have become billionaires, with Gates reigning as the richest man in the world. Even an $18 billion loss in 2008 didn't knock him off the top
           


                                                                                             

                          
                                        

Chapter 7

Chapter 7 : The idea to help and support the flooding crisis inThailand

    I think the boat is necessary too if i have enough some money i will give too.In my opinion I will drain water from everywhere to sea and move everyone to hills side, dig canal deep more for catchment water, build more dam and the last thing is we should save our world before it too late because now our world is already destroy and break.I belie that if everyone cooperate to donate some their money.In soon it going to be the huge fund to help them.


                                                

                                      Flooding in Ayutthaya.


                                      

    After traveling through the heel of the influx of water flooding in Ayutthaya.






                                 

     

Chapter 6

Chapter 6 : Report writing and Citation

Example a writing report

http://www.lboro.ac.uk/service/ltd/campus/reportwr.pdf

&

Example of an article citation

Brandybuck, Meriadoc (1955). "Herb lore of the Shire". 

Journal of the Royal Institute of Chemistry 10(2), 234–351.

source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources/Example_style

Chapter 5

TOTAL PACEVIEWS

 50

http://www.ibookdb.net/

TOTAL PACEVIEWS

TOTAL P

 5

Chapter 4

TOTAL PACEVIEWS

 48

Chapter : 4

Reference Collection

Encyclopedias
*  http://www.encyclopedia.com/

Dictionaries
*  http://dictionary.cambridge.org/

Almanacs
*  http://www.libraryspot.com/almanacs.htm

Directories
*  http://www.directories.ch/

Bibliographies
*  http://www.lacan.com/bibliographies.htm

Statistical sources
*  http://www.bls.gov/bls/other.htm

Handbook
*  http://www.thailandhandbook.com/

Atlases
*   http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/

Chapter 3

Library of Congress Classification

     The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries, for example, Australia  and Taiwan, R.O.C.It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). 

The classification was originally developed by Herbert Putnam in 1897, just before he assumed the librarianship of Congress. With advice from Charles Ammi Cutter, it was influenced byCutter Expansive Classification, and the DDC, and was specially designed for the special purposes of the Library of Congress. The new system replaced a fixed location system developed by Thomas Jefferson. By the time of Putnam's departure from his post in 1939, all the classes except K (Law) and parts of B (Philosophy and Religion) were well developed. It has been criticized as lacking a sound theoretical basis; many of the classification decisions were driven by the particular practical needs of that library, rather than epistemological considerations.

Although it divides subjects into broad categories, it is essentially enumerative in nature. It provides a guide to the books actually in the library, not a classification of the world.

The National Library of Medicine classification system (NLM) uses the classification scheme's unused letters W and QS–QZ. Some libraries
use NLM in conjunction with LCC, eschewing LCC's R (Medicine). Others prefer to use the LCC scheme's QP-QR schedules and include Medicine R.

The system

Letter	Subject area
A	General Works
B	Philosophy, Psychology, and Religion
C	Auxiliary Sciences of History
D	General and Old World History
E	History of America
F	History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America
G	Geography, Anthropology, and Recreation
H	Social Sciences
J	Political Science
K	Law
L	Education
M	Music
N	Fine Arts
P	Language and Literature
Q	Science
R	Medicine
S	Agriculture
T	Technology
U	Military Science
V	Naval Science
Z	Bibliography, Library Science, and General Information Resources

library classification 

       A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials, audiovisual materials, computer files, maps, manuscripts, realia) according to their subject and allocating a call number to that information resource. Similar to classification systems used in biology, bibliographic classification systems group entities together that are similar, typically arranged in a hierarchical tree structure. A different kind of classification system, called a faceted classification system, is also widely used which allows the assignment of multiple classifications to an object, enabling the classifications to be ordered in multiple ways


 

National Library of Thailand

Background

The National of Library of Thailand has had its main tasks of collecting, storing, preserving and organizing all national intellectual property heritage; Science and technology; Arts and national culture in forms of Thai manuscripts i.e. stone inscriptions, palmleaves, Thai traditional books, printed publications as well as audio-visual materials and electronic materials etc. National Library of Thailand is a national information source of which rendering unlimited knowledge and information technology to nationwide users all walks of life; pupils, students, researcher, Thai and oversea general public in central and provincial parts of Thailand.

National Library has long history, and has so far successfully been developed for years, since the three main libraries Mandira Dharma Library, Vajirayanana Library and Buddhasasana Sangaha Library were amalgamated entitled “Vajirayanana Library for the Capital City”, by royal command of King Chulalongkorn the Great, October 12, 1905. The library has been so far under the royal patronage of succeeding Chackri Dynasty’s Kings up until now. In 1933, after being changed into democracy regime, the Fine Arts Department was established and ministered the “Vajirayanana Library for the Capital City” by royal degree. The National Library has been initiatedly prospered successively and was later renamed “National Library” up to the present time. In 1966, the National Library was transferred to Samsen road and has been under the Ministry of Culture for the time being.

http://library.spu.ac.th/e-library/index4.html

http://librarytest.spu.ac.th/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress

 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/148747/what-is-the-difference-between-a-framework-and-a-library

ASEAN COMMUNITY

The ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the ASEAN Leaders on the 30th Anniversary of ASEAN, agreed on a shared vision of ASEAN as a concert of Southeast Asian nations, outward looking, living in peace, stability and prosperity, bonded together in partnership in dynamic development and in a community of caring societies.

At the 9th ASEAN Summit in 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved that an ASEAN Community shall be established.

At the 12th ASEAN Summit in January 2007, the Leaders affirmed their strong commitment to accelerate the establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015 and signed the Cebu Declaration on the Acceleration of the Establishment of an ASEAN Community by 2015.

The ASEAN Community is comprised of three pillars, namely the ASEAN Political-Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. Each pillar has its own Blueprint, and, together with the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) Strategic Framework and IAI Work Plan Phase II (2009-2015), they form the 

Dewey Decimal Classification

       The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.

It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011.This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place. The system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.

A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC.

Design

      The DDC attempts to organize all knowledge into ten main classes. The ten main classes are each further subdivided into ten divisions, and each division into ten sections, giving ten main classes, 100 divisions and 1000 sections. DDC's advantage in using decimals for its categories allows it to be purely numerical, while the drawback is that the codes are much longer and more difficult to remember as compared to an alphanumeric system. Just as an alphanumeric system, it is infinitely hierarchical. It also uses some aspects of a faceted classificationscheme, combining elements from different parts of the structure to construct a number representing the subject content (often combining two subject elements with linking numbers and geographical and temporal elements) and form of an item rather than drawing upon a list containing each class and its meaning.

       Except for general works and fiction, works are classified principally by subject, with extensions for subject relationships, place, time or type of material, producing classification numbers of at least three digits but otherwise of indeterminate length with a decimal point before the fourth digit, where present (for example, 330 for economics  for geographic treatment + .04 for Europe = 330.94 European economy; 973 for United States + .05 form division for periodicals = 973.05 periodicals concerning the United States generally).

       The DDC has a number for all books, including fiction: American fiction is classified in 813. Most libraries create a separate fiction section to allow shelving in a more generalized fashion than Dewey provides for, or to avoid the space that would be taken up in the 800s, or simply to allow readers to find preferred authors by alphabetical order of surname.

Some parts of the classification offer options to accommodate different kinds of libraries. An important feature of the scheme is the ability to assign multiple class numbers to a bibliographical item and only use one of them for shelving. The added numbers appear in the classified subject catalog (though this is not the usual practice in North America). For the full benefit of the scheme the relative index and the tables that form part of every edition must be understood and consulted when required. The structure of the schedules is such that subjects close to each other in a dictionary catalog are dispersed in the Dewey schedules (for example, architecture of Chicago quite separate from geography of Chicago).